Summary

General Principles

The figure illustrates the motion diagram of an object.

Important Concepts

Acceleration is the link to kinematics.

a⃗=0⃗ is the condition for equilibrium.

Equilibrium occurs if and only if F⃗net=0⃗.

Mass is the resistance of an object to acceleration. It is an intrinsic property of an object.

The figure illustrates an acceleration-versus-force graph.

Force is a push or a pull on an object.

Key Skills

Identifying Forces

Forces are identified by locating the points where other objects touch the object of interest. These are points where contact forces are exerted. In addition, objects with mass feel a long-range gravitational force.

A schematic representation of a block of ice shooting across a frictionless frozen lake.

Free-Body Diagrams

A free-body diagram represents the object as a particle at the origin of a coordinate system. Force vectors are drawn with their tails on the particle. The net force vector is drawn beside the diagram.

The figure illustrates a free body diagram of forces acting on an object on an x y coordinate plane.

Terms and Notation

  1. mechanics

  2. dynamics

  3. force, F⃗

  4. agent

  5. contact force

  6. long-range force

  7. net force, F⃗net

  8. superposition of forces

  9. gravitational force, F⃗G

  10. spring force, F⃗Sp

  11. tension force, T⃗

  12. ball-and-spring model

  13. normal force, n⃗

  14. friction, f⃗k or f⃗s

  15. drag, F⃗drag

  16. thrust, F⃗thrust

  17. proportionality

  18. proportionality constant

  19. proportional reasoning

  20. newton, N

  21. inertia

  22. inertial mass, m

  23. Newton’s second law

  24. Newton’s zeroth law

  25. Newton’s third law

  26. Newton’s first law

  27. mechanical equilibrium

  28. inertial reference frame

  29. free-body diagram