1. $V{}_{\mathbf{A}}>V{}_B>V{}_C$. For a given wavelength of light, electrons are ejected with more kinetic energy for metals with smaller work functions because it takes less energy to remove an electron. Faster electrons need a larger negative voltage to stop them.

2. d. Photons always travel at $c$, and a photon’s energy depends only on the light’s frequency, not its intensity.

3. $n=4$. There are four antinodes.

4. Not in absorption. In emission from the $n=3$ to $n=2$ transition. The photon energy has to match the energy difference between two energy levels. Absorption is from the ground state, at $E_1=0.00\text{ eV}$. There’s no energy level at 3.00 eV to which the atom could jump.

5. $n=3$. Each antinode is half a wavelength, so this standing wave has three full wavelengths in one circumference.

1.

1. Sodium, potassium

2. All metals except gold

3. 223 nm

5. 1.78 eV

7.

1. 2.26 eV

2. 0.166 nm

9.

1. $1.5\times {10}^{29}\text{ photon}\text{/}\text{s}$

2. Electromagnetic wave

11. 1.44

13. $1.\times {10}^{19}\text{ photon}\text{/}\text{s}$

15. $86\text{°}$

17. $6.0\times {10}^{-6}\text{V}$

19.

1. $1.1\times {10}^{-34}\text{m}$

2. $1.7\times {10}^{-23}\text{m}\text{/}\text{s}$

21. 6

23. 2.1 MeV, 8.2 MeV, 19 MeV

25.

1. Yes

2. 0.50 eV

27.

• a.

  

  Full Alternative Text

• b. 311 nm, 207 nm, 622 nm

• c. 311 nm, 207 nm

29.

• a. 0.332 nm, 0.665 nm, 0.997 nm

• c.

  

  Full Alternative Text

31.

1. 31

2. $7.06\times {10}^4\text{m/s, }-0.0142\text{eV}$

33. 97.26 nm, 486.3 nm, 4876 nm

35. 97.26 nm

37. 1.24 V

39. $4.3\times {10}^{-10}\text{W}$

41.

1. $5.56\times {10}^{14}\text{Hz,}1.23\times {10}^{15}\text{Hz}$

2. 540 nm, 244 nm

3. $10.8\times {10}^5\text{m}\text{/}\text{s}$

4. $4.4\times {10}^5\text{m}\text{/}\text{s}$

5. 3.35 V, 0.55 V

43.

1. Potassium

2. $4.24\times {10}^{-15}\text{eVs}$

45. 71 MeV

47.

1. $1.3\times {10}^8\text{m}\text{/}\text{s}$

2. $5.5\mu \text{m}$

49. 0.35 nm

51. 18 fm

53. $9.0\times {10}^{-8}\text{eV}$

55.

• a.

  

  Full Alternative Text

• b. 200 nm, 300 nm, 334 nm, 500 nm, 601 nm, 753 nm

59. 657 nm

61.

1. 0.362 m

2. 0.000368 nm

63.

• a.

  

  Full Alternative Text

65. $3\to 2\text{:}10.28\text{ nm}\text{,}4\to 2\text{:}7.62\text{ nm}\text{,}5\to 2\text{:}6.80\text{ nm}\text{;}$ all ultraviolet

67. 44,200 m/s

69. 8.6 mm

71.

1. 1.0 m/s

2. $3.2\text{°}$

3. 1.1 cm

73. 70 nK