`INDEX`

Note: Page numbers in italics indicate figures.

Abebe, Rediet, 121, 242
Aboriginal culture, 124. See also Indigenous knowledge and philosophy
Abstractions, 124, 220–223, 230
Accessibility, 295–296, 297–298
Accountability, 15, 81, 84, 122, 164, 167, 297–298
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), 280
Ackerman, M. S., 213
Ackoff, Russell, 103, 104–105, 106, 110
Actions
consequences of, 40–41
deontology on, 110
as indicative of character, 44
responsibility and, 81, 164
in virtue ethics, 44, 47
voluntary/involuntary, 72–73, 154–155
Actor-network theory (ANT), 227
Act utilitarianism, 76
Admissions software, 119–120
Advertisements, algorithms and, 192
Advertising, 119, 189, 190, 191, 192, 286
Aesthetic preferences, 149, 189
Affordable Care Act (ACA), 233
African culture, 58–59
African philosophy, 59–63
Agency
loss of, 191–193, 211, 233
moral, 154, 163, 287
new forms of, 163, 192, 287
personal identity and, 144, 156, 163
Agriculture, 253
Algorithmic accountability, 15
Algorithms
advertisements and, 192
analysis of, 220–221
bias considerations, 15
explanations of, 122–123
professional guidelines for, 297–299
programmers’ decisions, 121–122
subjective bias, 119–120
Alterity relationships, 215. See also Technological: mediation
American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE/IEEE), 283
American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME), 283
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 283
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 283
Analysis, strategies for, 224–228
Anderson, Benedict, 246
Animal Crossing (game), 168. See also Gaming culture
Animals, 75, 142, 148, 158, 212, 250, 251–252
Anscombe, Elizabeth, 41
Anthropocene, the, 249–250
Anthropomorphism, 159
“Apologia” (Chandrasekera), 18–19, 244, 385–389
Appetites, 47–48
Apple, 301–302
Aquinas, Thomas, 35–36
Archives, 126
Aristotelianism, 48
virtues as mean between vices, 52
Aristotelian virtue ethics, 46–47
Aristotle
knowledge/techné in, 209
on political community, 238
rationality in, 147
on virtuous action, 47
Artificial intelligence (AI). See also Machine learning
animals and, 251
data bias and, 117–123
deontology and, 42–43
discounting, 75–76
overpromising in history of, 212–213
responsibility and, 160–161
Artificiality, 151
ArXiv (research repository), 131
Asimov, Isaac, I, Robot, 78
“Asleep at the Wheel” (Boyle), 161, 206, 258–259, 299, 391–404
Assessment (accurate), 292
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 15, 19–20, 122, 282, 284, 285, 290–302
accurate assessment, 292
on algorithms, 297
Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, 296, 301, 305
competency, 293
confidentiality (in the workplace), 295
conflict of interest, 292
design (privacy-protecting), 296
discrimination in, 292–293
equitable design, 296
harm (avoidance of), 291
honesty, 291
intellectual property, 294
professional development, 294
public (education of), 293
public good (prioritizing), 290–291
review (accepting and giving), 295
Astounding (magazine), 17–18
Asymmetries (epistemic), 226–227
Auditability, 298–299
Augmentation relationships, 215. See also Technological: mediation
Australia, 100, 109
Authority
deontology and, 32, 33–36
divine, 34–35
of human reason, 35–36
knowledge and, 281
political, 33–34
professional, 281
of software engineers, 282
Automation
employment and, 260
labor and, 259–260
subsidies and, 235
tomato harvesting, 217–218
traffic lights, 204
Autonomous cars, 42, 142, 206, 287–288. See also “Asleep at the Wheel”
Autonomous weapons research, 15
Avatars, self-presentation and, 168–169
Aviation industry, 289
Awareness, 297
Axiology, 145, 146, 184. See also Values

Bacigalupi, Paolo, “The Gambler,” 54–55, 253, 307, 353–374
Background relationships, 215. See also Technological: mediation
Barocas, Solon, 118–119, 213
Bear, Elizabeth, “Dolly,” 43, 160, 323–336
Bell, Alexander Graham, 283
Bentham, Jeremy, 70, 255. See also Utilitarianism
Berkman Klein Center (Harvard University), 122
Bias, 117, 120, 122, 193, 226, 297. See also Data
Big data. See Information
Bijker, Wiebe, 264
Bioethics, 72
Birding, 251
Bird Rides, 288
BLAME function (Git), 164
Bodies, 161–163
Boundaries (drawn around or between)
communities, 248
neighborhoods, 119, 218, 227, 248
personhood, 142, 158
public and private spheres, 166–167, 178–181, 184, 190, 197, 239, 243, 295
self and world, 152, 154, 165
social spheres, 206
subjects and objects, 222 (see also Objectivity)
technology and society, 205, 222, 258 (see also Science and technology studies)
Boundary crossing, 129
Box, George, 223
boyd, danah, 213
Boyle, T. Coraghessan, “Asleep at the Wheel,” 161, 206, 258–259, 299, 391–404
Brandeis, Louis, 143, 144, 181, 183, 239–240
Brin, Sergey, 114–115
Buchanan, James, 130
Bush, Vannevar, 116
Butler, Judith, 222

Callon, Michel, 227
Cameras, 143–144, 239–240, 256
Capability Approach (CA), 84–87
Carceral society (Foucault), 255
Care (structures of), 230–237
Carr, Nicholas, “The Great Forgetting,” 126
Case studies, 16, 214, 235, 303, 305, 307
Categorical imperative (Kant), 37–38
Catholic Worker Movement, 59
Cattermole, Carl, 176
Cell phones, 252, 255, 256. See also Smartphones
Challenger mission (NASA), 211, 214
Chandrasekera, Vajra, “Apologia,” 18–19, 244, 385–389
Character development, 50–51, 185–186
Christianity, 11, 34, 59, 60–61
Cicero, 124
Cisneros, Natalie, 256
Citizenship, 184, 238
Civilian infrastructure, 283
Clearview.ai, 193
Climate theory, 147
“Codename: Delphi” (Nagata), 81, 116–117, 258, 302, 405–414
Code of Ethics for Engineers, 283–284
functions of/using, 299–302
inward-facing vs. outward-facing functions of, 300
limitations of, 306
Codes of ethics, 290–302
about, 281–282
Cognitive bias, 76, 117–118
Colonization, communitarianism and, 57–58
Columbia mission (NASA), 211, 214
Communication, democratic ideals of, 240
Communitarianism, 27, 55–68
colonization and, 57–58
community and, 56–57, 64–65, 66
consensus principle in, 65
ethics (sources of), 57–59
evaluation of, 66–67
the good in, 67
indigenous, 58
vs. liberal tradition, 66–67
modalities for judgment, 65–66
peace/rehabilitation in, 66
on personhood, 61–62, 148
self-realization in, 67
sub-Saharan metaphysics, 59–61
ubuntu, 63
on wisdom, 56, 61, 110–111
Yorùbá, 64
Communities, 246–248
Community
in communitarianism, 56–57, 64–65, 66
knowledge and, 127–128
personal identity and, 148–149
personhood and, 64
political, 238
wisdom and, 127–128
Competency, 293
Competing goods, 10–11
Computational sustainability, 252
Computer science, 6, 21, 42, 84, 280, 290, 316
Computing technology
ethics in, 12–13, 122
professionalization in, 122, 284–285
Confidentiality, 182, 295
Confirmation bias, 112
Conflict of interest, 292
Confucianism. See also Virtue ethics
“doctrine of the mean,” 51
love (famial), 53
Consensus (principle), 65
Consequentialism, 69, 85
Continence, 47–48
Contractarianism, 33–34
Cookies, on the internet, 286
Co-production, 217
Corbett-Davies, Sam, 122
Cotton-growing, 259
COVID-19 pandemic, 170, 243
Cowgill, Bo, 121
Credibility discounting/inflation (Tuerkheimer), 112
Crime
data on, 227
reporting, 255
Criminal offenses, 154–155, 225
Cross-cultural knowledge, 129–130
Cultural specificity, 51
Cultures of knowledge, 107–109, 128, 133
Customers, 281, 307
Cyborg relationships, 215. See also Technological: mediation
Cyril, Malkia Amala, 256

Dance, Gabriel J. X., 189
Dark patterns, 264
Darling, Kate, 159
Data. See also DIKW model; Privacy
availability of, 188–189
collection, 120–121, 189–190, 286
control of, 189
creation of, 189
expansion of, 188
fitness-tracking apps, 225
human beings (commodification of), 134
vs. information, 104, 126
interpretation of, 107
vs. knowledge, 118
mining, 119
(non)neutrality of, 102
as objective, 133
open sets of, 227, 242
personal, 189, 193
as personal, 191–193
predictions, 117–118
provenance, 298
raw, 118
reliance on, 254–255
as value-neutral, 122
Database services, 227
Dating platforms, 245
Decisional privacy, 182
Decision fatigue, 115
Decision making, 238–239
policing and, 254
Definitions
vs. application, 304
limits of, 122, 170
DeGrazia, David, 152
Demilitarized zones (DMZs), 179
Democracy, 184, 238–239, 240
Democratization of information, 131
Democratization of knowledge, 9
Denialism, 112
Deontology, 27, 30–43
and artificial intelligence, 42–43
authority and, 32, 33–36
duties (evaluation of), 38–40, 110
evaluation of, 40–41
human beings (view of), 79
intention in, 31
Kantian, 36–38, 41
laws and, 32
misunderstandings of, 31
modalities for judgment, 38–40
in practice, 38
on wisdom, 110–111
Description, objectivity and, 221
Descriptive ethics, 6–7
Design
of AI, 213
dark patterns, 264
design thinking, 220
equitable, 295–296
IEEE Standards on Ethically Aligned Design efforts, 297
inclusiveness in, 211
of New York City, 218
participatory, 222, 226
personhood and, 142
privacy-protecting, 296
professional organizations/community, 15
responsibility and, 219
Design thinking, 220
Desires, 16, 37, 41, 47–48, 53, 77, 190, 209, 233
Deskilling, 126, 260
Determinism (technological), 210
Development, 15, 220–223, 226. See also Design
Digital, the, 125–127
Digital Taylorism, 229–230, 256. See also Taylorism
Digital vigilantism (“digilantism”), 84
D’Ignazio, C., 120
DIKW model, 101–102
evaluation of, 103–107
pyramid, 103
revision of (descending model), 107–108, 133
Discounting, 75–76
Discrimination
big data and, 120
nondiscriminatory treatment, 292–293
Divine authority, 34–35
Divine command theory, 34
“Dolly” (Bear), 43, 160, 323–336
Do Not Track (Electronic Frontier Foundation), 192
Douglas, William, 144
Duff, Anthony, 154–155
Duties. See also Responsibility
in deontology, 41
entities with, 42
evaluating, 39–40
feminist ethics (example from), 82
personhood and, 147
Dwork, Cynthia, 193

E-Bird, 251
Ecology, 109, 249–253
Economic care, 234–237
Edison, Thomas, 283
Education, 234, 243
Effectiveness, 105
Efficiency, 105
Electronic Frontier Foundation, 192
Electronic health records (EHRs), 233
Email, 179, 286–287
Embodiment, 145, 162, 168, 215
Emotional labor, 83
Empirical data. See Capability Approach; Utilitarianism
Employment, automation and, 260
Energy, 234, 252
Engineering. See also Professional ethics
externalist view, 214
inclusiveness in, 211
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 15
internalist view, 214
responsibilities of, 219
software, 282
specializations within, 282
Environment, ecology and, 249–253
Epistemology
asymmetries in, 226–227
defined, 101
language and, 64
questions asked by, 145
of Yorùbá communitarianism, 64
Equitable design, 295–296
Ethical decisions, 5, 9, 302–303. See also Judgment (modalities for)
Ethical questions, evaluation of, 4, 6–8
Ethics. See also Capability Approach; Communitarianism; Frameworks; Virtue ethics
vs. agreeing, 6
applied, 20–21, 25–26
codes of, 281, 282, 290–302
of computing technologies, 12–13
contemporary developments in, 79–87
description as part of, 6–7
descriptive, 6–7
feminist, 82–84
machine, 42
vs. morality, 12
normative, 6
professional organizations and, 19–20
religious, 80
responsibility, 79–81
as a science, 70
science fiction and, 16–19
study of, 8–9, 14–19
subjectivity of, 315
Eubanks, Virginia, 120, 235–236
Euthyphro problem, 34
Expertise, devaluation of, 131
Externalism, 214
External preferences, 72

Facebook, 189–190, 251
Facts, disputes around, 304, 316
Fairness, individual vs. group, 221–222
Farming, 253
Fear (heuristics of) (Jonas), 81
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 301
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 289
Feminist ethics, 82–84, 187
Fiction, 206, 316–319
Firehawks, 109
Fjeld, Jessica, 297
Flourishing, 52–53
Food, 253
Ford, Henry, 229
Formalism trap, 225
Forsythe, D., 213
Fortnite (game), 165. See also Gaming culture
Foucault, Michel, 255
Fourth Amendment, 176, 181, 182, 184
Frameworks. See also Communitarianism; Deontology; Utilitarianism; Virtue ethics
limits of, 29
multiple, 27–29, 87
vs. theories, 26
thinking with, 20
traditions within, 28
Framing trap, 225
Frankenstein (Shelley), 158
Freedom
capabilities and, 84–85
of conscience, 186
of expression, 240, 254
Kantian deontology and, 37
privacy and, 184–185, 187
responsibility and, 153
utilitarianism and, 69
Free speech, public discourse and, 239–241
Friendships, on social media, 186, 244, 246

Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 133
“The Gambler” (Bacigalupi), 54–55, 253, 307, 353–374
Games
Animal Crossing, 168
Fortnite, 165
World of Warcraft, 168, 169
Gaming culture, 84, 245–246
Gender identity, 173–175, 184, 222
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 122–123, 182–183, 192, 286, 298
Genesis, 35
Genetically modified agriculture, 253
Gilligan, Carol, 82
Git, 164
Gitelman, Lisa, 118
Goel, Sharad, 122
Good, the, 40, 70
Goods, 10–11, 184
Google
backups, 126
Glass, 228
Gmail, 287
knowledge management, 114–115
Government, 188, 243
Green Revolution, 253
Greenwood, Ernest, 280, 281, 282
Griswold v. Connecticut, 182
Group fairness, 221–222

Habituation, 48–49
Habitus, 43, 48–49
Hare, R. M., 71, 76. See also Utilitarianism
Harm (avoidance of), 291
Harris, C. E., 303–304
Health. See Medical care
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) law, 180
Hearing, 64
Hedonism, 70–71
Heidegger, Martin, 209
Helping technologies, 232
“Here-and-Now” (Liu), 112–113, 187–188, 415–420
Hermeneutic relationships, 215. See also Technological: mediation
Hiring software, 119–120
Hitler, Adolf, 132. See also Holocaust
Hobbes, Thomas, 33–34, 151
Hochschild, Arlie Russell, 83
Hoffman, Frederick L., 118
Holocaust, 80. See also Hitler, Adolf
Home ownership, 236. See also Property ownership
Honesty, 291–292
Hopkinson, Nalo, “Message in a Bottle,” 78–79, 159, 337–352
Housing, 236
Human beings. See also Individuation
bodies (need for), 161–163
classification of, 142
commodification for data, 134
information consumption, 113
self-interest and, 34
as valuing, 16
Human flourishing, 43, 46, 48, 51–53, 110. See also Virtue ethics
Human reason, authority of, 35–36
Hume, David, 151
Humor, 247–248, 282
Hursthouse, Rosalind, 45
Hypertext, 116, 125

I, Robot (Asimov), 78
Identity. See also Personal identity
community and, 148–149
continuity of, 128, 149
demographic facts, 148
human, 146, 148, 150, 156, 157
narrative, 152–153, 157, 165
personhood and, 146–150
Identity conditions (Johnson), 14
Idhe, Don, 215
Imagination (moral), 17, 27, 307
Immigrant detention centers, 256
Inclusion (predatory), 236
Indexing photographs, 193
Indigenous knowledge and philosophy, 109. See also Aboriginal culture; Sub-Saharan African philosophy
Individual fairness, 221–222
Individuation, 149, 150, 156. See also Identity; Personal identity
Information. See also DIKW model
access to, 241–242, 262
vs. data, 104, 126
definitions, 99–100, 104
gathering (by government), 188
knowledge and, 100, 109
legitimacy of, 131
masses of, 113–116
(non)neutrality of, 102
objectivity and, 133, 241–242
overload, 115–116
privacy of, 179–180
search engines, 114–115
social media as source of, 246
truthfulness of, 240–241
usefulness of, 115
Informational privacy, 181, 182–183
Information flow (Johnson), 14
Information warfare, 257
Infrastructure, 283
Instagram, 188, 244, 250. See also Social media
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 15, 19–20, 122, 282, 285, 290–302
accurate assessment, 292
on algorithms, 297
competency, 293
conflict of interest, 292
discrimination in, 293
harm (avoidance of), 291
honesty, 291
intellectual property, 294
professional development, 294
public (education of), 293
public good (prioritizing), 290–291
review (accepting and giving), 295
Standards on Ethically Aligned Design efforts, 297
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society (IEEE-CS), 282
Insurance (subsidies), 235
Intellectual property laws, 180
Intentionality, 26, 31, 40, 47, 48, 50, 79, 120, 166, 209–210, 212, 292, 386
Interactive relationships, 215. See also Technological: mediation
Interconnectedness, 4, 60, 79, 125, 227
of DIKW paradigm, 103, 105
Interdependence, 55, 63, 82
Internalism, 214
Internet
collaboration over, 163
comments on, 131
cookies, 286
historical precedents to, 130
mob mentality, 131–132
privacy on, 165
relationships over, 244
subsidies and, 237
Interpersonal relations, 186
Interpretation, 107, 242. See also Cultures of knowledge
Intersectionality, 82, 83, 147, 187
Invisibility factor (Moor), 13
Invisible work, 83
Involuntary actions, 154–155. See also Intentionality
Islam, 34–35, 46, 47, 60

Jackson, Virginia, 118
Jasanoff, Sheila, 264
Johnson, Deborah G., 13–14, 284
Jonas, Hans, 80, 81
Journalism (newspapers), 241–242
Judaism, 34–35, 60
Judgment (modalities for), 28, 38, 50, 65, 73
Juristic persons, 163
Justice
capabilities approach and, 86
as a conceptual value, 16
restorative, 66
as a universal principle, 53
as a virtue, 47

Kant, Immanuel. See also Categorical imperative
on actions, 41
on desire, 37, 41
on freedom, 37
and human reason, 36
Kantian deontology, 30, 36–38 (see also Deontology: Kantian)
legacy, 30, 36, 41, 71
on respect for persons, 37–38
Kibbutz movement, 59
Kinetoscope (motion-picture recording device), 144
Klayman, Joshua, 112
Klein, L. F., 120
Knowledge. See also DIKW model
in ancient times, 123–125
community and, 127–128, 129
cross-cultural, 129–130
cultures of, 108–109, 128, 133
vs. data, 118
definitions, 105, 106–107
democratization of, 9
indigenous, 109
vs. information, 100
information sciences on, 103
legitimacy of, 131
managing, 99–140
scientific, 109
self-, 149
selfhood and, 133–134
as a social project, 114
specialization of, 243
storing, 123–125
techné, 209
theoretical, 280, 282
theories of, 106–107
Yorùbá, 131
Kohlberg, Lawrence, 82
Kruger National Park (South Africa), 251
Kuhn, Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 216–217

Labor, 83, 259–260
“Lacuna Heights” (McCombs), 127, 168, 262, 421–434
Language
African, 63
descriptive ethics and, 7
epistemology and, 64
robot (origin of word), 158
technology (origin of word), 209
Latour, Bruno, 227
Law, John, 227
Law, the
autonomous cars, 287–288
categorical imperative, 37–38
deontology and, 32
Fourth Amendment, 176
government, 32
Griswold v. Connecticut, 182
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) law, 180
intellectual property, 180
medical negligence suits, 285–286
moral, 37
National Research Act of 1974, 181–182
natural law theory, 36
privacy as legal right, 181–183
professions and, 285–289
Roe v. Wade, 182
Legal responsibility, 154–156
Levy, David, 116
Lewandowsky, Stephan, 112
Liberalism, 66–67, 238
Licensing procedures for professions, 281, 282
Limited resources, 9–10
Linux, 163
Liu, Ken, “Here-and-Now,” 112–113, 187–188, 415–420
Location tracking, 189, 225–226
Loci (memory house), 124
Locke, John, 151–152, 165
Logos, 209
Love (familial), 53
Luria, Michal, 160
Lyft (rideshare service), 288
Lying, 37–38

Machine ethics, 42
Machine learning, 77–78, 120, 225
Machines, intelligence of, 42
MacIntyre, Alisdair, 59
Management (scientific), 228–230, 261
Map applications, 189
Martin, Mike W., 219
McCombs, Theodore, “Lacuna Heights,” 127, 168, 262, 421–434
Mean, the, 51–52
Measurement, 206
Meatspace, 166
Medicaid, 235. See also Medical care
Medical care, 232–234
Medical negligence suits, 285–286
Medical records, digitization of, 8
Memex (device), 116
Memoria (medieval mental technique), 124
Memory
“digital dementia” (Spitzer), 125
storage, 100, 101, 123–124
technology and, 157, 165
writing and, 100, 101, 123, 124, 125
“Message in a Bottle” (Hopkinson), 78–79, 159, 337–352
Metaphors, 287–288
Metaphysics, 28, 59, 60, 145, 162
#MeToo movement, 112
Mill, John Stuart, 68, 70, 75, 184, 240. See also Utilitarianism
Mob mentality, 132
Modality, 28
Modeling, 77, 236–237
Moor, James, 13, 242, 286
Morality
agency, 154
appearance of, 300
vs. ethics, 12
imagination, 17, 307
judgments, 5
laws, 37
moral philosophy, 12, 20, 30
relativism, 31
responsibility, 153–156
statements, 71
Morals, 12, 68, 303, 306
Moses, Robert, 218
Mulligan, Deirdre K., 193
Multi-veillance, 256

Nagata, Linda, “Codename: Delphi,” 81, 116–117, 258, 302, 405–414
Narrative identity, 152–153, 157, 165–168. See also Personal identity
National Academy of Engineering, 16, 19–20
National Park Service (United States), 250
National Research Act of 1974, 181–182
National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE), 282, 283–284
Natural law theory, 36
Natural resources, use of, 252–253
Natural world, 250–253
Nature/culture dialectic, 249
Navigation programs, 8
Nevala-Lee, Alec, 17–18
Newspapers, 242
NextDoor, 248
Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle), 46–47, 51–52
Nissenbaum, Helen, 164, 190
Noble, S. U., 120
Normative concepts and statements
ethics and, 6–7
personhood as a normative concept, 145, 149, 170
in statements of ethics from organizations, 297
“Not Smart, Not Clever” (Saxey), 169–170, 289–290, 435–447
Nussbaum, Martha, 17, 85, 148

Objectivity
boundaries and, 222–223
description and, 221
information and, 241–242
Obligations
to future generations, 261
legal, 313
moral, 45, 46, 48–53, 55, 56, 58–61, 80, 81, 95
professional, 34–35
Offices, open-plan, 171–173, 185
O’Neil, C., 120
Online communities, 246–248. See also Internet
Open data, 227, 242
Optimism (technological), 210
Optimization, 229
Oral cultures, 100–101
Ornithology, 251
Ownership, 179–180

Panopticon (Foucault), 255, 257–258
Papua New Guinea, 100
Paradigm shifts, 217
Participatory design, 8. See also Design
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), 233
Peace/rehabilitation, 66
Peer-review process, 131
Perez, C. C., 120
Performativity, 222
Personal assistants, 160, 162, 179
Personal bias, 193. See also Bias
Personal identity. See also Identity; Individuation
about, 148–150
histories of, 150–151
narrative approach to, 152–153
substance and, 151
Personalization, 189–190
Personhood. See also Anthropomorphism; Privacy
agent-centered vs. patient-centered, 62
of animals, 158
boundaries of, 142
community and, 64
components of, 148
definitions, 144–146, 151, 287–288
histories of, 150–151
human identity and, 146–148
vs. humanity, 151
juristic persons, 163
legal, 158
of nonhuman entities, 157–158
as a norm, 149, 170
personal identity and, 148–150
in philosophy, 145–146
privacy and, 143, 144, 170–178, 190–193
and property ownership, 180
as representation (Hobbes), 151
robots and, 288
in science fiction, 157–158
in sub-Saharan Africa, 62, 64, 148
technology and, 156–157
In United States, 147–148
Western ideals of, 147
Person vs. human being, 147
Pessimism (technological), 210, 249
Philosophy
African, 63
axiology, 146
epistemology, 145–146
ethics and, 27
Greek, 58
indigenous, 57–58
of knowledge, 106–107
metaphysics, 145
moral, 12, 20
personhood in, 145–146
substance in, 150
Phonograph (audio recording), 144, 239–240
Photography, 193, 223–224
Physics, 217
Plague, 255
Platform work, 260–261. See also Teleworking
Plato, 34, 101, 124, 209
Pleasure, utilitarianism and, 70–71, 74, 75
Pluralities, 226
Policies, 242, 243, 286
“Policy vacuum,” 13, 183, 242, 286, 300
Policing, 119, 254–255, 257–258
Political authority, 33–34
Political community, 238
Portability trap, 225
Poster, Winifred R., 256
Potentiality, Capability Approach to, 85
Practical knowledge, 209
Practical wisdom, 47, 50–51
Predatory inclusion, 236
Predictive policing, 119, 257–258
Preference satisfaction, 71
Preference utilitarianism, 71–72, 75
Prisons, 176–177. See also Surveillance
Privacy. See also Data
axiological claims about, 184
decisional, 182
definitions, 178–179, 181
in email, 286–287
in feminist ethics, 187
freedom and, 184–185, 187
and gender identity, 173–175
as good, 186–187
of information, 179–180
informational, 181, 182–183
as an interest, 183
on the internet, 165
as an intrinsic good, 184
as a legal right, 181–183
in offices, 171–173
personhood and, 143, 144, 170–178, 190–193
physical space, 178
prisons and, 176–177
privacy-protecting design, 296
rights to, 143–144
vs. security (fallacy), 184
social media and, 171
vs. solitude, 177
space and, 166
as a value, 183–186
Productivity, 172–173
Professional development, 294
Professional ethics, 19–20, 279–312. See also Algorithms
vs. personal morality, 303
utilitarianism and, 304–305
Professional societies. See also Professional ethics
about, 15
histories of, 283–284
professional ethics and guidelines, 19–20
social/ethical issues (concern with), 122–123
Professions, 280–290
codes of ethics as part of, 299–300
definitions, 284
the law and, 285–289
licensing procedures, 281
Prohibitions, 34–35
Propaganda, 257
Property ownership, 180
Protection, rhetoric of, 258
Psychology (cognitive bias), 117
Public discourse, free speech and, 239–241
Public education, 234, 243
Public good, 290–291
Public health, 121
Public space, 178, 239, 241
Public sphere, 178, 184, 238–239
Punishment (prison as), 176

Race
algorithmic bias and, 137–138, 273
data analysis and, 240, 273
predatory inclusion, 236
surveys (objectivity of), 222
Rationality, 58, 147, 154, 164, 287
Raw data, 118
Reading, 286–287
Real, physical objects as, 145
Reality, 223, 245
Recording technology, 143–144, 239–240
Recycling, 252
Reddit, 165
Redress, 297–298
Reductionism, 208–209
Reform, prison as, 176
“Regression Test, The” (Talabi), 67–68, 248–249, 375–383
Regulation of professions, 281, 285
Relationships
of care, 46, 53, 67, 83–84
as foundation for duties, 39
interdependence and, 55
one-to-one over the internet, 245–246
privacy and, 186–187
self-realization and, 66
technological mediation and, 215–216
Relativism, 31
Religion, 4, 29, 32, 34–36, 45, 60–61, 108, 148, 186, 235, 293. See also Christianity; Confucianism; Islam; Judaism
Religious ethics, 41, 80
Remote work, 260–261. See also Teleworking
Renewable energy, 234
Representation
online, 192
of persons, 151
Reproducibility (Johnson), 14
Research
on autonomous weapons, 15
online repositories, 131
on robots, 260
Responsibility
vs. accountability, 164
and AI, 160–161
design and, 219
ethics, 79–81
moral/legal, 153–156
shared, 163
technology and, 156, 163–164
Restorative justice, 66. See also Justice
Review, accepting and giving, 295
Richards, Neil M., 288
Rich vs. poor, 4
Right, the, vs. the good, 40
Rios, Victor M., 256
Ripple effect trap, 225, 227
Risk models, 236–237
Rituals (social), 46, 57
Roanhorse, Rebecca, “Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experience^TM,” 86–87, 132–133, 153, 461–475
Robotic technology, 232–233
Robots
personhood and, 288
research on, 260
use of term, 158
Roe v. Wade, 182
Rohracher, Harald, 216
Role-playing games (RPGs), 54. See also Gaming culture
Rule utilitarianism, 76

SA 7003 (IEEE working group), 297
Sandel, Michael, 59
Satellite imagery, 251, 252
Saxey, E., “Not Smart, Not Clever,” 169–170, 289–290, 435–447
Schatzberg, Eric, 229, 264
Schinzinger, Roland, 219
Science and technology studies (STS), 216–218, 243, 249
Science fiction, 16–19, 157–158, 316
Scientific management, 228–230, 261
Scooters, 288
Security vs. privacy (fallacy of), 184. See also State power and force
Selbst, A. D., 118–119, 224
Selection bias, 117
Self-
awareness, 154
consciousness, 147, 152
determination, 144, 154
interest, 11–12, 34
knowledge, 149, 175
presentation, 168–169
realization, 55, 59–62, 67
Self, the, 149, 165, 166–167
Selfies, 143
Selflessness, 11
Sen, Amartya, 85
Sentencing software, 119, 225
September 11, 2001, attacks, 100
Sex and gender, 174
Shelley, Mary, Frankenstein, 158
Shoemaker, Martin L., “Today I Am Paul,” 84, 237, 449–460
Sidgwick, Henry, 70
Singer, Peter, 72, 75
Skepticism, 111–112
Slavery, 118
Smart, William D., 288
Smartphones, 88, 171, 189, 204, 205, 210, 212, 216, 251, 301
Smart technology, 157, 160, 162, 165, 179
Social contract, 33, 238, 281, 290. See also Contractarianism
Social experiment, 219
Social media
Facebook, 189–190
friendships on, 186
Instagram, 250
political action and, 241
privacy and, 171
the self (presentation of), 167
as source of information, 246
technological change and, 4
tweeting, 155–156
Twitter, 189
Social rituals, 46
Social signifiers, 228
Social spheres, 206, 230
Societal reconfigurations, 13–15
Society, 207. See also Care (structures of)
Sociology, on prison, 176–177
Sociotechnical gap, 213
Sociotechnical systems, 205, 217, 218–230
Socrates, on writing, 101, 125
Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice (SECEPP), 282
accurate assessment, 292
competency, 293
confidentiality (in the workplace), 295
conflict of interest, 292
design (privacy-protecting), 296
discrimination in, 293
equitable design, 296
harm (avoidance of), 291
honesty, 291–292
intellectual property, 294
professional development, 294
public (education of), 293
public good (prioritizing), 290–291
Software Engineering Coordinating Committee (SWECC), 285
Solitude vs. privacy, 177
Solutionism, 225–226, 228
Songline tradition, 124
Space
physical, 178
privacy and, 166, 178
public/private, 178–179
Speech. See Free speech, public discourse and
Spitzer, Manfred, 125
Standardization, 229
State power and force, 254–259
Statistics, 117
Storage
of information, 100
of knowledge, 123–125
memory, 123–124
vulnerability of, 125–127
Sub-Saharan African philosophy
metaphysics, 59–61
personhood (concept of), 62, 64, 148
self-realization, 61–62
Subsidies, 234, 235
Substance, 150
Suffering, 75
Surveillance, 81, 176, 250, 251, 255–256
Sustainable development, 252
Systematic oppression, 83, 147

Talabi, Wole, “The Regression Test,” 67–68, 248–249, 375–383
Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 229
Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta, 236
Taylorism, 228–230
Techné, 209
Technical problems, 4
Technocracy, 210–214
Technological
determinism, 210
mediation, 215–216
optimism, 210
pessimism, 210, 249
solutionism, 228
systems, 219, 227
Technology. See also Sociotechnical systems
advances in, 232
concept of (problematizing), 208–216
cultural approach to, 209
engineering and, 208
historical aspects, 13, 264
human identity and, 156, 157–158
vs. human knowledge, 126–127
intermediation by, 189
invisibility factor (Moor), 13
as labor-saving, 259
as means and ends, 208–210
memory and, 157, 165
narrative identity and, 157, 165–168
personhood and, 156–157
potential of, 4
as product, 209
recording, 143–144
reductive views of, 208–209, 210
resistance to, 228
responsibility and, 156, 163–164
smart, 157
as social experimentation, 219
societal reconfigurations and, 13–15
structures of care and, 230–237
use of term, 205
US government subsidies for, 237
Telegraph, 130
Tele-medicine, 81
Teleology. See Determinism (technological)
Telepressure, 261
Teleworking, 228. See also Remote work
Temperance, 47
Tesla, Nikola, 283
Text (digital vs. print), 125
Theoretical knowledge, 280, 282
Theory, 26, 208–209
“Today I Am Paul” (Shoemaker), 84, 237, 449–460
Torras, Carme, Vestigial Heart, 159
Tourism, 250
Tracking technology, 251
Traffic lights, automation and, 204
Trans people, 174–175
Traps in analysis, 224–226. See also Ripple effect trap
Truth, 241–242
Tuerkheimer, Deborah, 112
Twitter, 155–156, 189

Uber (rideshare service), 288
Ubuntu, 63
Unintended consequences, 211–212, 214–215
United Nations, 252
United States. See also State power and force
Constitution, 230–231, 239
Fourth Amendment, 176, 181, 182, 184
medical licenses in, 300
National Park Service, 250
personhood in, 147–148
surveillance in, 255–256
Urban design, 218
User experience (UX) design. See Design
US Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency (ICE), 121
Utilitarianism, 27–28, 68–79
act, 76
classical, 70
evaluation of, 76–77
the good in, 70
human beings (view of), 79
machine learning and, 77–78
modalities for judgment, 73–76
outcomes (calculating), 76
pleasure and, 70–71, 74, 75
preference, 71–72, 75
professional ethics and, 304–305
rules in, 76
utility (principle of), 73
voluntary action, 72–73
on wisdom, 71, 110–111

Vallor, Shannon, 233, 303
Value judgments, 6–7, 69–70, 73–76, 79, 122, 118, 145, 221. See also Normative concepts and statements
Values
community, 56–57, 62, 65, 67, 245
ethics and, 6, 11, 12, 15–16, 21, 27, 37, 40, 183–186
invisible programing values (Moor), 13
knowledge and, 62, 65, 102, 104, 106, 110–111, 118, 226, 240
professional, 219, 243, 290, 301, 303, 304, 306
social and political, 184–185, 238, 240–241, 284
study of (axiology), 146–147
Verbeek, Paul-Peter, 215, 216
Version history, 164
Vestigial Heart (Torras), 159
Virtue ethics, 27, 43–55
action in, 44
Aristotelian, 46–47
character development in, 185
Confucian, 45–46
evaluation of, 52–53
habituation, 48–49
habitus, 43
modalities for judgment, 50–52
moderation in, 51–52
role-playing games (RPGs) and, 54
on wisdom, 47, 50–52, 110–111
Virtues
combinations of, 49
defined, 44–45
as interrelated, 49
as mean between vices, 52
skepticism as a virtue, 111–112
Visibility, hidden vs. apparent, 216
Vitale, Alex, 254
Voluntary actions, 72–73, 154–155. See also Intentionality

Walzer, Michael, 59
Wamala, Edward, 65
War, 257–258
Warren, Samuel, 143, 144, 181, 183, 239–240
Weblining, 119
Website browsing, 114
Web Transparency and Accountability Project (Princeton University), 192
“Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experience^TM” (Roanhorse), 86–87, 132–133, 153, 461–475
Welfare, 234, 235
White supremacy, 4
Wholeheartedness, 47–48
Wikipedia, 131
Winner, Langdon, 218, 264
Wisdom. See also DIKW model
in communitarianism, 56
community and, 127–128
definitions, 105
ethical frameworks on, 110–111
information sciences on, 103
in knowledge management, 109–110
practical, 47, 50–51
Women, labor of, 83
Work. See Labor
Workplace culture, 172
World of Warcraft, 168, 169
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 289
Writing, 100, 101, 123–124, 125

Yorùbá
communitarianism, 64
knowledge (approach to), 131

Zuboff, Shoshana, 144